It doesn?t appear that many advancements were made in ocular prostheses until the early 1800s, when enamel
prostheses were fairly common. However, enamel was expensive and lack of
durability made it a less than ideal medium for artificial eyes. Later that
century, in 1835, German craftsmen created a new kind of glass, called cryolite
which was made from arsenic oxide and sodium aluminum fluoride. The resulting
new glass was a slightly off white color, which was a huge advancement in making
glass eyes appear more natural. The craftsmen who created these eyes, used glass
blowing techniques to form a small round ball which they painted to look like
eyeballs.
Throughout the 19th century, this new trade flourished in Europe, particularly in Germany. These German artisans were called ocularists, a
term still used for modern makers of artificial eyes. In addition to making
ocular prostheses for people, ocularists were also known for making eyes for
dolls. Like most artesian skills, the crafting of artificial eyes was passed
down from generation to generation, with later generations touring Europe and
the United States to fit patients with prosthetics. Also, during this time, many
American eye doctors would buy a variety of eyes to keep on hand. These eyes
were called ?stock eyes? and an eye doctor may have had hundreds in his office,
choosing the best match from his selection for each patient.
These procedures continued through the onset on World War II, when German imports were
limited and the German ocularists ceased their tours of the United States. This
necessitated the domestic production of ocular prostheses, which was spear
headed by the United States military, due to an increased need for artificial
eyes for soldiers who had lost an eye in combat. Along with a few private
practitioners in the United States, the military abandoned glass as the
preferred material and instead switched to plastic to increase affordability.
Many different types of plastics have been used over the years, but modern
ocular prostheses are made from methyl methacrylate, a high quality medical
grade acrylic. The switch to plastic allowed artificial eyes to be mass produced
and they became more accessible to the general public. Although ocular
prostheses are still mass produced, many people now choose to have their
artificial eyes custom made by modern ocularists in order to achieve the closest
match to their remaining eye, thereby creating a natural look.
Author's Resource Box
Carolina Eye Prosthetics provides hand-crafted and hand-painted prosthetic eyes. With two North Carolina locations their ocularists serve patients in need
of artificial eyes. For more information about Carolina Eye Prosthetics visit
http:www.carolinaeyeprostheticsinc or call 1-877-763-9393.
Article Source:
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