What is executed when an interrupt occurs? An Interrupt Service Routine (ISR) or
Interrupt Handler is executed. The ISR is nothing but a piece of code or program
that is executed when the interrupt occurs.
For example, say your microcontroller is just blinking with LEDs. Say you have a passive infra-red
(PIR) sensor that becomes active and gives out a high signal whenever the room
door is opened. You want to give out a beep sound, whenever the PIR senses a
movement. When the microcontroller gets an interrupt from the PIR Oklahoma State Cowboys Throwback Jersey , it will execute a code that makes the beep sound. After the beep sound, the microcontroller will return to its
normal operation of LED blinking. An engineer taking the Professional Engineer
Exam Prep will be able to design these interrupts as a part of a complex
programming.
Interrupts can be triggered for a variety of operations and outputs. The number of a counter, the state of a pin changing from a low to
high, receiving serial communication Oklahoma Sooners Throwback Jersey , or an analog to digital conversion can all act as interrupt signals.
For each interrupt there are two bits set in the microcontroller. One is the Interrupt Flag Bit and another is Interrupt
Enabled Bit. These bits will be present in the IO registers meant for the
interrupt. The Interrupt Flag Bit is active whenever the interrupt occurs. The
state of the Interrupt Enabled bit tells the microcontroller, if it should act
on the interrupt or not. If the Interrupt Enabled Bit is high or active, then
the microcontroller will respond to the interrupt. If the Interrupt Enabled bit
is low, then the microcontroller will not respond to the interrupt. For an
interrupt request to be processed Ohio State Buckeyes Throwback Jersey , both the Interrupt Flag Bit and Interrupt Enabled Bit must be present as inputs. An engineer attending the
Professional Engineer Exam Prep Course will have a good idea of the various bit
registers needed for any high level interrupts.
There is another bit in the microcontroller named Global Interrupt Enable Bit. Only if this Global Bit
activates the interrupt functions. The sources for the interrupt can be either
internal or external. For example, in one type of microcontroller, the
peripherals such as timer, counter Lsu Tigers Throwback Jersey , and analog comparator can act as internal interrupts. The external interrupts are activated through external pins.
When an interrupt needs to work, the stack must be initialized. This is because the microcontroller has to store important information in the stack when
the interrupt is triggered. The starting address of the next set of instruction
to be executed after the interrupt stores in this stack region.
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