In a modern office building, the heating ventilation and air conditioning system is designed
to keep occupants comfortable and healthy by controlling the amount of outside
air that is added to the building
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filtering both incoming and recirculated air to remove particulates and
controlling the temperature. The HVAC system includes all heating, cooling, and
ventilation equipment serving a building: furnaces or boilers, chillers, cooling
towers, air handling
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exhaust fans, ductwork, filters, steam (or heating water) piping. A ventilation
system consists of a blower to move the air, ductwork to deliver air to the
room, and vents to distribute the air. A good ventilation design will distribute
supply air uniformly to each area and especially areas with office machines. An
effectively designed area will not have the supply and exhaust vent too close
together because fresh air may be removed before it is adequately distributed
throughout the area. Exhaust fans are often located a significant distance away
from supply vents. A simple way to determine if the ventilation system is
running a vent as a supply or an exhaust is by holding a tissue near the vent.]
If the tissue
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the air is being circulated and the direction the tissue is blown will determine
the type of vent.
Indoor Air Quality (IAQ) is an increasingly important issue in the work environment. The study of indoor air quality and pollutant
levels within office environments is a complex problem. The complexity of
studying and measuring the quality of office environments arises from various
factors including:
- Building floor plans are frequently changing to accommodate increasingly more employees and reorganization.
- Office buildings frequently undergo building renovations such as installation of new
carpet, modular office partitions and free-standing offices, and painting.
Many of the apparent health symptoms are vague and common to both the office and home environment. Guidelines or standards for permissible personal
exposure limits to pollutants within office buildings are very limited.
Many times odors are associated with chemical contaminants from inside or outside the office space, or from the building fabric. This is particularly
noticeable following building renovation or installation of new carpeting.
Out-gassing from such things as paints, adhesives,
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office furniture, carpeting, and vinyl wall coverings is the source of a variety
of irritant compounds. In most cases, these chemical contaminants can be
measured at levels above ambient (normal background) but far below any existing
occupational evaluation criteria.
Various building studies indicate that the most likely sources of this problem are - poor ventilation, poor thermal
conditions, too high or low
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emissions from office machines, copiers and other building contaminants and poor
ergonomic layout of workstations.
The American Society of Heating, Refrigeration, and Air Conditioning Engineers (ASHRAE) has established a general
guideline of 20 cubic feet of outside air per minuteper person for an office
environment. This is a sufficient amount of air to dilute building contaminants
and maintain a healthy environment. Indoor air quality complaints increase
significantly in offices that are not supplied sufficient outside air.
A ventilation system should provide for a comfortable environment with respect to
humidity and temperature. The overall goal of climate control is to provide an
environment that is not too cold, hot, dry or
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and that is free from drafts and odors. Humidity refers to the amount of
moisture in the air and extremes in humidification levels can influence how
comfortable you may be. When the air is too humid, it makes people feel
uncomfortable (wet, clammy) and can promote mold growth. On the other hand, low
humidity conditions (which typically occur in the winter months) dry out the
nasal and respiratory passages. Low humidity may be associated with an increased
susceptibility to upper respiratory infections. Static electricity problems
(affecting hair and clothes, particularly synthetic fibers) are good indicators
of an office with low relative humidity.
Excessively high or low temperatures in an office area can also lead to symptoms in building occupants
and reduce productivity. High temperatures have been associated with fatigue,
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irritability, headache and decrease in performance, coordination and alertness.
A number of factors interact to determine whether people are comfortable with
the temperature of the indoor air. The activity level, age, and physiology of
each person affect the thermal comfort requirements of that individual. Extreme
heat, which is unlikely to be found in an office
environment http://www.montrealcanadiensteamstore.com/adidas-phillip-danault-jersey ,
can result in heat rash, exhaustion, and fainting. Workers who may be less alert
or fatigued from a high temperature environment may be more prone to accidents.
An inadequately ventilated office environment or a poorly designed ventilation system can lead to the build up of a variety of indoor air
pollutants. Air pollutants can originate within the building or be drawn in from
outdoors. Examples of sources that originate outside a building include:
- pollen, dust and fungal spores
- general vehicle exhaust
- odors from dumpsters
- re-entrained exhaust from the building itself or from neighboring buildings
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