Diamonds are crystalline forms of carbon formed under high pressure and temperature conditions deep within the Earth's mantle. Renowned for their brilliance, durability, and rarity, diamonds are highly valued gemstones used extensively in jewelry and as symbols of luxury and status. They possess remarkable optical properties, including high refractive index and dispersion, resulting in their characteristic sparkle and fire. Additionally, diamonds have industrial applications due to their hardness, making them valuable for cutting, grinding, and drilling purposes.
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