These aren’t random addresses; they’re mathematically produced and allocated by the Internet Assigned Numbers Authority (IANA), a division
of the Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers (ICANN).
These are the same people responsible for sorting out domain names and
other factors critical to internet communication.
The allocation of these addresses isn’t random either. IANA doesn’t directly provide you with an IP address. Instead, they allocate blocks
of numbers to different regions. For example, the United States has a
reported 1,541,605,760 addresses allocated to it, which is about 36
percent of all the IP addresses available (at least, under IPv4, as
opposed to IPv6, but that’s a story for another time). Meanwhile, the
Vatican has a mere 17,920 addresses. This is probably more than you will
ever need to know about IP addresses, but you can now impress your
friends with these handy factoids about Papal networks.
Keep It Secret, Keep It Safe
Because there’s a finite number of IP addresses (4,294,967,296, under IPv4) and only so many available by location, mere mortals like
you and me generally don’t have to worry about our IP addresses. Our
ISPs assign them to us (and sometimes revoke and recycle them), our
routers use them, and we continue happily along—until we need to change
something.
Although very few of us are actually in charge of our own IP addresses, there are some ways to force a change. Search the internet
and you find all sorts of arcane command-line magic words that will,
allegedly, get you a new address. There are even some websites that can
do the same. You can also disconnect your modem for a period of time,
and see if your ISP assigns you a new address when you come back online.
Or you can call your ISP directly and ask for a new address, but that
might lead to some tedious questions.
Instead of changing your IP, it’s probably easier to simply hide it.
Hide in Plain Sight, Use a VPN
When you point your browser to a website, a request leaves your computer, heads off to the server where the website lives, and returns
with the information you’ve requested. Along the way, location and
identifying information is exchanged and, sometimes, intercepted by
attackers, snoopers, advertisers, and nosey government agencies.
With a virtual private network, or VPN, another layer is added to the equation. Instead of contacting a website’s servers directly, the
VPN creates an encrypted tunnel between you and the VPN service’s server, which in turn connects to the public internet and retrieves the
information you requested as normal. This passes back through the
tunnel to your computer, ensuring that no one can intercept your web
traffic, and that an observer will see the IP address of the VPN and not
yours.
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